Failed to encode packet 'clientbound/minecraft:update_recipes'

What it looks like in the log

io.netty.handler.codec.EncoderException: Failed to encode packet 'clientbound/minecraft:update_recipes'

How to fix it

1. Open your latest.log file and scroll down to the 'Caused by:' lines directly beneath the EncoderException to see the exact recipe or empty ingredient triggering the failure.
2. If you are playing modded Minecraft (NeoForge, Fabric, or Forge), install the 'Load My F***ing Tags' (LMFT) mod to prevent one broken mod entry from emptying entire item tags and breaking recipes.
3. Search earlier in your latest.log during world or server startup for 'Couldn't load tag' errors to identify which mod or datapack broke the tag, then update or remove that mod.
4. If you run a Paper or Folia server, or use KubeJS/datapacks, update your custom recipe plugins and scripts so shaped recipes use a blank space character instead of AIR for empty crafting slots.

Check your own log